Based on the criteria american diabetes association ( is ), about 10,2 million people in the united states us suffer dm and an undiagnosed about 5,4 million.Thus, it is estimated that more than 15 million people in the united states suffer dm.Meanwhile, in indonesia prevalence of diabetes mellitus of 1,5-2,3 % the age & gt; 15 years, even in the prevalence of manado dm 6,1 % .4 laboratory for patients diabetes mellitus needed to enforce diagnosis and monitor tz and emergence complication specific because of diseases.Thus, the development of a disease can be monitored and can prevent writing complication.1,5,6 purpose is to knowledge of the checks on patients diabetes mellitus.
Classification and patogenesis diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder endocrine marked by increasing glucose levels darah.1,2,3 according to a recommendation perkeni according to a recommendation is 1997 , diabetes mellitus can classified in etiology of into a diabetic type 1 , type 2 diabetes , diabetes in pregnancy , and diabetes other type.
Type 1 diabetes
Diabetes mellitus type 1 or formerly known as the insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ( iddm ) , due to the destruction of b the pancreas ( reaction ) autoimmune .If destruction of beta has reached 80 - 90 % so symptoms diabetes mellitus have been concerned .Destruction of beta is faster happened to childrens than adult.2,3 most patients diabetes mellitus type 1 have antibodies showed autoimmune process , and a small part of the process autoimmune does not happen .This condition classified as type 1 idiopathic .Most ( 75 % ) cases occurred before the age of 30 years , but age not including criteria for the classification.
Type 2 diabetes
Diabetes mellitus type 2 is 90 % of kaaus diabetes mellitus once known as non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ( niddm ).In diabetes is a decline in its capacity insulin work on the peripheral ( insulin resistance ) and dysfunction beta cells.As a result, the pancreas not capable of producing sufficient insulin to compensate insulin resistance.Second it caused insulin symptoms deficiency relative.2,3 minimum and obesity often connected with these conditions, generally happened at the age of & gt; 40 years.Insulin can normal levels, low, and high, so patients does not depend on the insulin.
Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy
Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy ( gestational diabetes mellitus gdm ) is normal pregnancy accompanied by increasing insulin resistance ( pregnant women failed to revive euglycemia ).Risk factors gdm: family history dm, obesity, and glikosuria.Gdm increase morbidity neonates, for example hypoglycemia, jaundice, polisitemia, and makrosomia.This is because baby and his mother gdm secreting insulin larger so stimulate growth infants and makrosomia.Frequency gdm kira-kira 3 - 5 % the mothers was increasing the risks to be dm in the future.
Diabetes other type
Diabetes mellitus in which individuals experienced hiperglikemia due to specific abnormalities ( genetic disorder these cells beta ), endokrinopati, the use of drugs to function of cells beta, the use of work to insulin, and infections / suds genetic.
Examination to dx diabetes mellitus: examination blood glucose / hiperglikemia ( fast, 2 hours after eating / post prandial / pp ) and after the glucose per-oral ( ttgo ) .1,2,3,4,5,7 antibodies for ( marker ) the process in an autoimmune beta is islet cytoplasmic cell antibodies ( ica ), Insulin autoantibodies ( iaa ), and antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase ( anti-gad ).Ica react with antigens in cytoplasm sel-sel endocrine on pulau-pulau pancreatic.Ica show that there is destruction of.The ica and iaa show high risk of the disease toward type 1 diabetes.Gad is an enzyme needed to produce neurotransmitter g-aminobutyric acid ( gaba ).Anti gad could be identified 10 years before the onset of clinical happened.So, 3 petanda it can be used as a test of strain before symptoms dm muncul.2 to distinguish type 1 with type 2 used examination c-peptide.Concentration c-peptide are an good for these cells beth.
Multiple Symptom Checker Diabetes Mellitus Disease
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